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Self Publishing Versus Publishing House
Remedies for Copyright Infringement
Who can Claim Copyright Infringement?
Criminal Liability for Copyright Infringement
Can Ideas be Protected by Copyright?
Copyright for Freelance Writers
Copyright in Literary, Dramatic and Musical Works
Copyright in Sound Recordings and Films
Copyright in Published editions
Computer Generated Works Copyright
Copyright Protection for Software
Copyright Technological Protection Measures
Internet Service Providers Copyright Illegal Material
Defence of Fair Dealing in Copyright Law
Trade Marks Relative Grounds for Refusal
Defences to Trademark Infringement
Defences to Patent Infringement
Information Commissioner Data Protection Act Powers
Protection of Company Information
Data Protection Requirements for Business
The Copyright Licensing Agency is the body that deals specifically with the licensing of certain copyright material in the UK and is defined specifically in the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1998 as:
“a society or other organisation which has as its main object, or one of its main objects, the negotiation or granting, either as owner or prospective owner of copyright or as agent for him, of copyright licences, and whose objects include the granting of licences covering works of more than one author.”
The Copyright Licensing Agency was established in 1983 and is owned by the Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society Limited (ALCS) and the Publishers’ Licensing Society Limited (PLS) in order to perform collective licensing on their behalf.
There is also an agreement in place with the Design and Artists Copyright Society Limited (DACS) that enables the Copyright Licensing Agency to license the copying of artistic works on their behalf.
In relation to the music industry when work is released it is usually the case that the work is owned by the record company due to a contractual provision in the contract between the artist and the record company.
If you wish to use extracts or samples from the work of a specific artist you will be liable to pay the record company for the use of the work.
In relation to the film industry licences will be provided by the following bodies for the following uses:
ComPact Collections may be able to help license cable retransmission rights on behalf of producers
Video Performance Limited licenses certain uses of music videos
In all other cases it may be necessary to contact either the producers or the UK distributors to gain appropriate licensing for films.
Section 116(3) of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1998 defines a copyright licence as a licence to do or to authorise to do any of the acts restricted to the owner of the copyright.
The Copyright Licensing Agency is authorised by authors, artists and visual creators to issue collective licenses which allow copying from books, journals and magazines within certain limits and subject to various exclusions.
The Copyright Licensing Agency issues blanket licences to organisations. These licences are done on an annual basis and are subject to an annual licence fee which covers copyright throughout the year. This means that they only need to obtain the licence once yearly and they can copy as much as they wish throughout the year, subject to the terms and conditions of the licence of course. These licences include an indemnity from the Copyright Licensing Agency for all copying done within the terms and conditions of the licence.
The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1998 provides for licensing schemes by licensing authorities of which the blanket licenses and collective licences issues by the Copyright Licensing Agency will fall within.
Under Section 117 of the Act licensing schemes enable the licensee to do the following activities:
Where an individual has applied for a copyright licence in relation to a work which is available through a copyright licensing scheme and the operator of that scheme has refused to grant him or procure him the grant of a licence or has failed to do so in a reasonable time of being asked then that person is able to apply to the copyright Tribunal.
If your company or organisation copies, prints or distributes entire or parts of work which are accorded copyright protection without the direct permission from the copyright owner then you will be breaking the law.
The Copyright Licensing Agency provides free online risk assessments which it is recommended you undertake if you believe yourself or your undertaking to be breaching copyright.
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